Why study simple machines?

A big wheel and a little wheel A wagon with large wheels is easier to push over rough ground than is a wagon with small wheels. As we move the wagon forwards it also moves up and down. A large wheel doesn't reach the bottoms of the valleys, and spreads out the effects of a bump over a large horizontal motion. A small wheel has to move from valley to peak as it moves forwards a small distance. Effectively, the large wheels only encounter small inclines, while the bumps are much steeper for the small wheels.

One way we meet this effect is in trying to roll a loaded cart over a power cord. The entire energy needed to lift the cart must be supplied in a small forwards motion; the force that needs to be applied can be larger that the weight of the cart!

An inclined plane is a way to raise a heavy object without exerting a large force. Its secret is that we spread out the effort of lifting: we don't push as hard, but move the object much farther.

The threads on a bolt are also an inclined plane, of sorts. As we move the wrench a large distance, the nut advances a small distance; the force we exert is relatively small, while the nut is being pulled along the bolt with an enormous force.

The unit on simple machines