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| Distribution of volcanic activity around the world | |
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| Distribution of earthquakes around the globe | |
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| LEFT: age of the oceanic crust on both sides of the mid-Atlantic ridge. RIGHT: orientation of magnetic field on both sides of the ridge | |
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| African and South American maps from 1858 emphasizing the similarity between boundaries of these continents | |
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| There are about 20 tectonic plates known today |