prt_lines_continuum.cpp

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/* This file is part of Cloudy and is copyright (C)1978-2017 by Gary J. Ferland and
 * others.  For conditions of distribution and use see copyright notice in license.txt */
/*lines_continuum put energetics, H, and He lines into line intensity stack */
#include "cddefines.h"
#include "taulines.h"
#include "iso.h"
#include "geometry.h"
#include "heavy.h"
#include "dense.h"
#include "prt.h"
#include "opacity.h"
#include "coolheavy.h"
#include "phycon.h"
#include "rfield.h"
#include "predcont.h"
#include "radius.h"
#include "continuum.h"
#include "lines.h"
#include "freebound.h"
#include "lines_service.h"

void lines_continuum(void)
{

        double f1, 
                f2 , 
                bac , 
                flow;
        long i,nBand;

        DEBUG_ENTRY( "lines_continuum()" );

        /* code has all local emissivities zeroed out with cryptic comment about being
         * situation dependent.  Why?  this is option to turn back on */
        const bool KILL_CONT = false;

        i = StuffComment( "continua" );
        linadd( 0., (realnum)i , "####", 'i',
                " start continua");

        /* these entries only work correctly if the APERTURE command is not in effect */
        if( geometry.iEmissPower == 2 )
        {
                /***********************************************************************
                 * stuff in Bac ratio - continuum above the Balmer Jump 
                 * this is trick, zeroing out saved continuum integrated so far,
                 * and adding the current version, so that the line array gives the 
                 * value in the final continuum 
                 *
                 * reflected continuum is different from others since relative to inner
                 * radius, others for for this radius 
                 *************************************************************************/

                /***************************************************************************
                 * "Bac " , 3646,  this is residual continuum at peak of Balmer Jump
                 * flux below - flux above                                   
                 ***************************************************************************/
                /* >>chng 00 dec 02, remove opac.tmn */
                /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                /* extrapolated continuum above head */
                /* >>chng 01 jul 13, from ConInterOut to ConEmitOut */
                f1 = (rfield.ConEmitOut[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1] + 
                        rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1]/radius.r1r0sq )/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1);

                /* extrapolated continuum below head */
                /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                f2 = (rfield.ConEmitOut[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2]+ 
                        rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2]/radius.r1r0sq )/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2);

                /* convert to nuFnu units */
                f1 = f1*0.250*0.250*EN1RYD*radius.r1r0sq;
                f2 = f2*0.250*0.250*EN1RYD*radius.r1r0sq;
                bac = (f1 - f2);

                /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 
                 * clear summed intrinsic and emergent intensity of following
                 * entry - following call to linadd will enter the total and
                 * keep entering the total but is done for each zone hence need to
                 * keep resetting to zero*/
                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                }

                linadd(MAX2(0.,bac)/radius.dVeffAper,3646,"Bac ",'i',
                       "residual flux at head of Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");
                /* >>chng 03 feb 06, set to zero */
                /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                 * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                 * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                }

                /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                }

                linadd(f1/radius.dVeffAper,3645,"nFnu",'i',
                       "total flux above head of Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");
                /* >>chng 03 feb 06, set to zero */
                /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                 * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                 * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                }

                /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                }

                linadd(f2/radius.dVeffAper,3647,"nFnu",'i',
                       "total flux above head of Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");
                /* >>chng 03 feb 06, set to zero */
                /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                 * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                 * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                }

                /******************************************************************************
                 * "cout" , 3646,  this is outward residual continuum at peak of Balmer Jump  *
                 * equal to total in spherical geometry, half in opt thin open geometry       *
                 ******************************************************************************/
                /* >>chng 00 dec 02, remove opac.tmn */
                /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                f1 = rfield.ConEmitOut[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1]/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1);

                /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                f2 = rfield.ConEmitOut[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2]/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2);

                /* net Balmer jump */
                bac = (f1 - f2)*0.250*0.250*EN1RYD*radius.r1r0sq;

                /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                }

                linadd(MAX2(0.,bac)/radius.dVeffAper,3646,"cout",'i',
                       "residual flux in Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");
                /* >>chng 03 feb 06, set to zero */
                /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                 * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                 * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                }

                /*********************************************************************
                 * "cref" , 3646,  this is reflected continuum at peak of Balmer Jump*
                 * equal to zero in spherical geometry, half of total in op thin opn *
                 *********************************************************************/
                /* >>chng 00 dec 02, remove opac.tmn */
                /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                f1 = rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1]/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1);

                f2 = rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2]/
                        rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2);

                /* net Balmer jump */
                bac = (f1 - f2)*0.250*0.250*EN1RYD;

                /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                }

                linadd(MAX2(0.,bac)/radius.dVeffAper,3646,"cref",'i',
                       "residual flux in Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");
                /* >>chng 03 feb 06, set to zero */
                /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                 * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                 * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                }

                /*********************************************************************
                 * "thin" , 3646, tot optically thin continuum at peak of Balmer Jump*/
                if( nzone > 0 )
                {
                        /* rfield.ConEmitLocal is not defined initially, only evaluate when into model */
                        f1 = rfield.ConEmitLocal[nzone][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1]/
                                rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-1);
                        f2 = rfield.ConEmitLocal[nzone][iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2]/
                                rfield.widflx(iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[2].ipIsoLevNIonCon-2);
                }
                else
                {
                        f1 = 0.;
                        f2 = 0.;
                }

                bac = (f1 - f2)*0.250*0.250*EN1RYD;

                linadd(MAX2(0.,bac),3646,"thin",'i',
                       "residual flux in Balmer continuum, nuFnu ");

                linadd(continuum.cn4861/radius.dVeffAper,4860,"Inci",'i',
                       "incident continuum nu*f_nu at H-beta, at illuminated face of cloud ");

                linadd(continuum.cn1216/radius.dVeffAper,1215,"Inci",'i',
                       "incident continuum nu*f_nu near Ly-alpha, at illuminated face of cloud");

                if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                {
                        continuum.cn4861 = 0.;
                        continuum.cn1216 = 0.;
                }
        }

        flow = (iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH2p].RadRecomb[ipRecRad] + 
                iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH2s].RadRecomb[ipRecRad])*
          iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH2p].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc]*
          dense.eden*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][1]* 5.45e-12;
        linadd(flow,0,"Ba C",'i',
                "integrated Balmer continuum emission");

        if( iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].n_HighestResolved_max >= 3 )
        {
                flow = ( iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3s].RadRecomb[ipRecRad]*
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3s].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc] +
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3p].RadRecomb[ipRecRad]*
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3p].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc] +
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3d].RadRecomb[ipRecRad]*
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[ipH3d].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc] ) * 
                        dense.eden*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][1]*3.53e-12;
        }
        else
        {
                flow = iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[3].RadRecomb[ipRecRad]*
                        iso_sp[ipH_LIKE][ipHYDROGEN].fb[3].RadRecomb[ipRecEsc]*
                  dense.eden*dense.xIonDense[ipHYDROGEN][1]*3.53e-12;
        }
        linadd(flow,0,"PA C",'i',
                "Paschen continuum emission ");

        /* these are a series of continuum bands defined in the file 
         * continuum_bands.ini - this makes it possible to enter any 
         * integrated total emission into the emission-line stack */
        /* these entries only work correctly if the APERTURE command is not in effect */
        if( geometry.iEmissPower == 2 )
        {
                for( nBand=0; nBand < continuum.nContBand; ++nBand )
                {
                        double EmergentContinuum = 0.;
                        double DiffuseEmission = 0.;
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                /* find total emission over band - units will be erg cm-2 s-1 */
                                for( i=continuum.ipContBandLow[nBand]; i<=continuum.ipContBandHi[nBand]; ++i )
                                {
                                        // correction for fraction of low or hi cell
                                        // that lies within the band
                                        double EdgeCorrection = 1.;
                                        if( i==continuum.ipContBandLow[nBand] )
                                                EdgeCorrection = continuum.BandEdgeCorrLow[nBand];
                                        else if( i==continuum.ipContBandHi[nBand])
                                                EdgeCorrection = continuum.BandEdgeCorrHi[nBand];

                                        double xIntenOut = 
                                                /* the attenuated incident continuum */
                                                flux_correct_isotropic( 0, i-1 ) +

                                                // the outward emitted continuous radiation field 
                                                (rfield.ConEmitOut[0][i-1] + 

                                                 /* outward emitted lines */
                                                 rfield.outlin[0][i-1])*geometry.covgeo;
                                        xIntenOut *= EdgeCorrection;

                                        /* div by opac.E2TauAbsFace[i] because ConEmitReflec has already
                                         * been corrected for this - emergent_line will introduce a 
                                         * further correction so this will cancel the extra factor */
                                        /* NB: Comparison to 1e-37 suppresses overflows when realnum
                                         *     is double (FLT_IS_DBL). */
                                        double xIntenIn = 0.;
                                        if( opac.E2TauAbsFace[i-1] > 1e-37 )
                                                xIntenIn = (double)rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][i-1]/
                                                        (double)opac.E2TauAbsFace[i-1]*geometry.covgeo;
                                        /* outward emitted lines */
                                        xIntenIn += rfield.reflin[0][i-1]*geometry.covgeo;
                                        xIntenIn *= EdgeCorrection;

                                        /* the fraction of this that gets out */
                                        EmergentContinuum += rfield.anu(i-1) *
                                                emergent_line( xIntenIn , xIntenOut , i )
                                                / SDIV(opac.tmn[i-1]);

                                        // diffuse local emission
                                        DiffuseEmission += (rfield.ConEmitLocal[nzone][i-1] +
                                                            rfield.DiffuseLineEmission[i-1])*rfield.anu(i-1)*
                                                EdgeCorrection;
                                }
                        }
                        /* we will call lindst with an energy half way between the two
                         * ends of the band.  This will make an extinction correction that
                         * has already been applied above by multiplying by emergent_line.
                         * Find this factor and remove it before the call */
                        double corr = emergent_line( 0.5 , 0.5 , 
                                                     (continuum.ipContBandLow[nBand]+continuum.ipContBandHi[nBand])/2 );
                        /* NB: Comparison to 1e-37 suppresses overflows when realnum
                         *     is double (FLT_IS_DBL). */
                        if( corr < 1e-37 )
                                EmergentContinuum = 0.;
                        else
                                EmergentContinuum /= corr;

                        /* convert to physical units */
                        EmergentContinuum *= EN1RYD*radius.r1r0sq/radius.dVeffAper;
                        DiffuseEmission *= EN1RYD;
                        /* memory not allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                        }

                        lindst( EmergentContinuum ,
                                // the negative wavelength is a sentinel that the wavelength
                                // may be bogus - very often the "center" of the band, as defined
                                // by observers, is far to the blue end of the range.  use the
                                // observed definition of the wavelength.  This introduces an error
                                // since the wavelength is used to determine the transfer of the
                                // band against background opacities
                                -continuum.ContBandWavelength[nBand] , 
                                continuum.chContBandLabels[nBand],
                                (continuum.ipContBandLow[nBand]+continuum.ipContBandHi[nBand])/2 ,
                                't' , false,
                                "continuum bands defined in continuum_bands.ini");

                        // emissivity has no meaning for these bands - quantity is net
                        // transmitted radiation field
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinSet(0,DiffuseEmission);
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinThin();
                        }
                }
        }

        linadd(MAX2(0.,CoolHeavy.brems_cool_net),0,"HFFc",'c',
                "net free-free cooling, ALL species, free-free heating subtracted, so nearly cancels with cooling in LTE ");

        linadd(MAX2(0.,-CoolHeavy.brems_cool_net),0,"HFFh",'h',
                "net free-free heating, nearly cancels with cooling in LTE ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.brems_cool_h,0,"H FF",'i',
                " H brems (free-free) cooling ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.brems_heat_total,0,"FF H",'i',
                "total free-free heating ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.brems_cool_he,0,"HeFF",'i',
                "He brems emission ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.heavfb,0,"MeFB",'c',
                "heavy element recombination cooling ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.brems_cool_metals,0,"MeFF",'i',
                "heavy elements (metals) brems cooling, heat not subtracted ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.brems_cool_h+CoolHeavy.brems_cool_he+CoolHeavy.brems_cool_metals,0,"ToFF",'i',
                "total brems emission - total cooling but not minus heating ");

        linadd((CoolHeavy.brems_cool_h+CoolHeavy.brems_cool_he)*sexp(5.8e6/phycon.te),0,"FF X",'i',
                "part of H brems, in x-ray beyond 0.5KeV ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.eebrm,0,"eeff",'c',
                "electron - electron brems ");

        linadd(CoolHeavy.colmet,0,"Mion",'c',
                " cooling due to collisional ionization of heavy elements" );

        /* predict emitted continuum at series of continuum points */
        /* class is located in predcont.h, 
         * PredCont - contains vector of pair of Energy and ip where
         *            we want to predict the continuum,
         *
         * the entry nFnu will only be printed if the command
         * print diffuse continuum
         * is entered - 
         *
         * this code should be kept parallel with that in dopunch, where
         * save continuum is produced, since two must agree */

        t_PredCont& PredCont = t_PredCont::Inst();
        if( LineSave.ipass == 0 )
                PredCont.set_offset(LineSave.nsum);

        /* these entries only work correctly if the APERTURE command is not in effect */
        if( geometry.iEmissPower == 2 )
        {
                for( i=0; i < long(PredCont.size()); i++ )
                {
                        double SourceTransmitted , Cont_nInu;
                        double SourceReflected, DiffuseOutward, DiffuseInward;
                        double renorm;

                        /* put wavelength in Angstroms into dummy structure, so that we can use iWavLen
                         * to get a proper wavelength with units, continuum energies are stored in PredCont */
                        (*TauDummy).WLAng() = (realnum)PredCont[i].Angstrom();
                        /*lambda = iWavLen(TauDummy , &chUnits , &chShift );*/

                        /* >>chng 00 dec 02, there were three occurrences of /opac.tmn which had the
                         * effect of raising the summed continuum by the local opacity correction factor.
                         * in the case of the Lyman continuum this raised the reported value by orders
                         * of magnitude.  There have been commented out in the following for now. */
                        /* reflected total continuum (diff+incident emitted inward direction) */

                        /* >>chng 00 dec 08, implement the "set nFnu [SOURCE_REFLECTED] ... command, PvH */
                        /* >>chng 00 dec 19, remove / radius.GeoDil */
                        renorm = rfield.anu2(PredCont[i].ip_C())*EN1RYD/rfield.widflx(PredCont[i].ip_C());

                        /* this is the reflected diffuse continuum */
                        if( prt.lgDiffuseInward )
                        {
                                DiffuseInward = rfield.ConEmitReflec[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                DiffuseInward = 0.;
                        }

                        /* the outward diffuse continuum */
                        if( prt.lgDiffuseOutward )
                        {
                                DiffuseOutward = rfield.ConEmitOut[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm*radius.r1r0sq;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                DiffuseOutward = 0.;
                        }

                        /* reflected part of INCIDENT continuum (only incident, not diffuse, which was above) */
                        if( prt.lgSourceReflected )
                        {
                                SourceReflected =  rfield.ConRefIncid[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                SourceReflected =  0.;
                        }

                        /* the attenuated incident continuum */
                        if( prt.lgSourceTransmitted )
                        {
                                SourceTransmitted = rfield.flux[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm*radius.r1r0sq;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                SourceTransmitted = 0.;
                        }

                        /* memory has not been allocated until ipass >= 0, so must not access this element,
                         * this element will be used to save the following quantity */
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                        }

                        linadd((DiffuseInward+SourceReflected+DiffuseOutward+SourceTransmitted)/radius.dVeffAper,
                                (*TauDummy).WLAng(),"nFnu",'i',
                                "total continuum at selected energy points " );

                        /* emslin saves the per unit vol emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                         * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity which was set
                         * FOR THE PREVIOUS LINE since it is so situation dependent */
                        if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                        }

                        /* this is the normal set to zero to trick the NEXT line into going in properly */
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                        }

                        /* the nsum-1 -- emslin and nsum -- SumLine is not a bug, look above - they do
                         * different things to different saves */
                        Cont_nInu = rfield.flux[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm*radius.r1r0sq +
                                rfield.ConRefIncid[0][PredCont[i].ip_C()]*renorm;

#                       if 0
                        /* this code can be used to create assert statements for the continuum shape */
                        if( !i )
                                fprintf(ioQQQ,"\n");
                        char chWL[1000];
                        sprt_wl( chWL , (*TauDummy).WLAng() );
                        fprintf( ioQQQ,"assert line luminosity \"nInu\" %s  %.3f\n",
                                chWL , 
                                log10(SDIV(Cont_nInu/radius.dVeffAper) * radius.Conv2PrtInten)  );
#                       endif

                        linadd( Cont_nInu/radius.dVeffAper,(*TauDummy).WLAng(),"nInu",'i',
                                "transmitted and reflected incident continuum at selected energy points " );

                        /* emslin saves the per unit volume emissivity of a line, which is normally 
                         * what goes into linadd.  We zero this unit emissivity since it is so situation dependent */
                        if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                        }

                        /* memory has not been allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                        }

                        linadd( (DiffuseInward+SourceReflected)/radius.dVeffAper,(*TauDummy).WLAng(),"InwT",'i',
                                "total reflected continuum, total inward emission plus reflected (XXdiffuseXX) total continuum ");

                        if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                        }

                        /* memory has not been allocated until ipass >= 0 */
                        if( LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum].SumLineZero();
                        }

                        linadd(SourceReflected/radius.dVeffAper,(*TauDummy).WLAng(),"InwC",'i',
                                "reflected incident continuum (only incident) ");

                        if( KILL_CONT && LineSave.ipass > 0 )
                        {
                                LineSave.lines[LineSave.nsum-1].emslinZero();
                        }
                }
        }
        
        i = StuffComment( "RRC" );
        linadd( 0., (realnum)i , "####", 'i',"radiative recombination continua");
        
        // radiative recombination continua, RRC, for iso sequences
        for( long ipISO=ipH_LIKE; ipISO<NISO; ++ipISO )
        {
                for( long nelem=ipISO; nelem < LIMELM; nelem++ )
                {
                        if( nelem < 2 || dense.lgElmtOn[nelem] )
                        {
                                for( long n=0; n < iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].numLevels_max; n++ )
                                {
                                        if( LineSave.ipass < 0 )
                                                // this pass only counting lines
                                                linadd(0.,0.,"dumy",'i',"radiative recombination continuum");
                                        else if( LineSave.ipass == 0 )
                                        {
                                                // save wavelength and label
                                                /* chIonLbl generates a null terminated 4 char string, of form "C  2"
                                                 * the result, chLable, is only used when ipass == 0, can be undefined otherwise */
                                                realnum wl = (realnum)(RYDLAM / iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].xIsoLevNIonRyd);
                                                wl /= (realnum)RefIndex( 1e8/wl );
                                                linadd( 0. , wl ,chIonLbl(iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].trans(1,0)).c_str(),'i',
                                                        "radiative recombination continuum");
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                // save intensity
                                                linadd(iso_sp[ipISO][nelem].fb[n].RadRecCon,0,"dumy",'i',
                                                        "radiative recombination continuum");
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        // RRC for non iso sequence ions

        /* add recombination continua for elements heavier than those done with iso seq */
        for( long nelem=NISO; nelem < LIMELM; nelem++ )
        {
                /* do not include species with iso-sequence in following */
                /* >>chng 03 sep 09, upper bound was wrong, did not include NISO */
                for( long ion=0; ion < nelem-NISO+1; ion++ )
                {
                        if(  dense.lgElmtOn[nelem] )
                        {
                                if( LineSave.ipass < 0 )
                                        // this pass only counting lines
                                        linadd(0.,0.,"dumy",'i',"radiative recombination continuum");
                                else if( LineSave.ipass == 0 )
                                {
                                        string chLabel = chIonLbl( nelem+1, ion+1 );
                                        realnum wl = (realnum)(RYDLAM / Heavy.Valence_IP_Ryd[nelem][ion]);
                                        wl /= (realnum)RefIndex( 1e8/wl );
                                        linadd( 0. , wl ,chLabel.c_str(),'i',
                                                "radiative recombination continuum");
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        // save intensity
                                        linadd(Heavy.RadRecCon[nelem][ion],0,"dumy",'i',
                                                "radiative recombination continuum");
                                }
                        }
                }
        }

        return;
}